You have probably heard the statement, “Everything flows” or maybe “You can’t step into the same river twice”. Both are statements attributed to the great philosopher and mystic Heraclitus of Ephesus. If one ploughs through the surviving fragments that we have from...
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The Four Elements: Earth, Fire, Wind and Water (Empedocles)
What is the universe made of? What is the arche? Is it one singular primordial thing or is it many things? Is it water or is it fire? Earth or air? For most of the ancient pre-Socratic philosophers the fundamental reality was made out of one single substance, though...
The Arche: Reality According to the Pre-Socratic Natural Philosophers
The Arche. The origins. The primordial matter of the universe. What is reality and what is it made of? What is its essence? Could it be water? Or perhaps wind? Maybe earth? Mayhap fire? A combination of the above? Maybe its more likely that the Arche is something...
Morality and Virtue in The Prince by Machiavelli
What is good and is it always wise to choose virtue over vice? What if choosing to do good led to your demise, would you still do good or would you consider being cunning and maybe appear to be whatever is needed in that situation which leads to your well-being. In...
10+ Ideas that Have Shaped Western Civilization
When it comes to moments that have changed the course of history, we usually think of inventions like writing, the wheel, and the lightbulb. But what about the numerous ideas that have caused massive upheavals in the way we think and how the world spins? There are...
Book of the Dead: Ancient Egyptian Magical Spells & Funerary Text
The information contained in the Egyptian Book of the Dead acted as guidebook for the recently deceased in the ancient Egyptian world. Life, death and the afterlife were all central themes of the Egyptian way of life. This was not only frequently reflected in various...